Energy Attacks in War on Iran Could Turn Economic Shock Into Long-Term Damage

Military attacks on Iran's oil and gas infrastructure are entering a new phase that threatens to disrupt energy supplies globally for an extended period. The Persian Gulf region supplies a significant share of world oil exports, making any disruption to production or shipping there consequential for energy markets and economies worldwide. Unlike short-term supply shocks that markets can absorb, prolonged damage to refineries, pipelines, and export terminals could create sustained price increases and shortages affecting businesses and consumers internationally. The targeting of energy infrastructure escalates the conflict beyond military confrontation into economic warfare with potential ripple effects across manufacturing, transportation, and heating sectors. The duration and severity of disruptions will depend on the extent of physical damage and how quickly facilities can be restored.